Consultas de mídia CSS3 - exemplos

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Consultas de mídia CSS - mais exemplos

Vejamos mais alguns exemplos de uso de consultas de mídia.

As consultas de mídia são uma técnica popular para fornecer uma folha de estilo personalizada para diferentes dispositivos. Para demonstrar um exemplo simples, podemos alterar a cor de fundo para diferentes dispositivos:

Exemplo

 /* Set the background color of body to tan */
body {
  
  background-color: tan;
}
/* On 
  screens that are 992px or less, set the background color to blue */
@media 
  screen and (max-width: 992px) {
  body {
    
  background-color: blue;
  }
}
/* On screens that are 600px or less, 
  set the 
  background color to olive */
@media screen and (max-width: 600px) {
  
  body {
    background-color: olive;
  }
}

Experimente você mesmo →

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
body {
  background-color: tan;
  color: black;
}

/* On screens that are 992px wide or less, the background color is blue */
@media screen and (max-width: 992px) {
  body {
    background-color: blue;
    color: white;
  }
}

/* On screens that are 600px wide or less, the background color is olive */
@media screen and (max-width: 600px) {
  body {
    background-color: olive;
    color: white;
  }
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h1>Resize the browser window to see the effect!</h1>
<p>By default, the background color of the document is "tan". If the screen size is 992px or less, the color will change to "blue". If it is 600px or less, it will change to "olive".</p>

</body>
</html>

Você se pergunta por que usamos exatamente 992px e 600px? Eles são o que chamamos de “pontos de interrupção típicos” para dispositivos. Você pode ler mais sobre pontos de interrupção típicos em nosso Tutorial de Web Design Responsivo.

Consultas de mídia para menus

Neste exemplo, usamos consultas de mídia para criar um menu de navegação responsivo, cujo design varia em diferentes tamanhos de tela.

Telas grandes:

Home Link 1 Link 2 Link 3

Telas pequenas:

Home Link 1 Link 2 Link 3

Exemplo

   /* The navbar container */
.topnav {
  overflow: hidden;
  
   background-color: #333;
}
/* Navbar links */
.topnav a {
  float: 
   left;
  display: block;
  color: 
   white;
  text-align: center;
  padding: 14px 16px;
     text-decoration: none;
}

   /* On screens that are 600px wide or less, make the menu links stack on top 
   of each other instead of next to each other */
@media screen and (max-width: 600px) {
     
   .topnav a {
    float: none;
    width: 
   100%;
  }
}

Experimente você mesmo →

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<style>
* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

/* Style the top navigation bar */
.topnav {
  overflow: hidden;
  background-color: #333;
}

/* Style the topnav links */
.topnav a {
  float: left;
  display: block;
  color: #f2f2f2;
  text-align: center;
  padding: 14px 16px;
  text-decoration: none;
}

/* Change color on hover */
.topnav a:hover {
  background-color: #ddd;
  color: black;
}

/* On screens that are 600px wide or less, make the menu links stack on top of each other instead of next to each other */
@media screen and (max-width: 600px) {
  .topnav a {
    float: none;
    width: 100%;
  }
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h2>Responsive navigation menu</h2>
<p>Resize the browser window to see the effect: When the screen is less than 600px, the navigation menu will be displayed vertically instead of horizontally.</p>

<div class="topnav">
  <a href="#">Link</a>
  <a href="#">Link</a>
  <a href="#">Link</a>
</div>

</body>
</html>

Consultas de mídia para colunas

Um uso comum de consultas de mídia é criar um layout flexível. Neste exemplo, criamos um layout que varia entre quatro, duas e colunas de largura total, dependendo dos diferentes tamanhos de tela:

Large screens:

 

Medium screens:

 

Small screens:

Exemplo

 /* Create four equal columns that floats next to each other */
.column {
  
  float: left;
  width: 25%;
}
/* On screens that are 992px 
  wide or less, go from 
  four columns to two columns */
@media screen and (max-width: 992px) {
  
  .column {
    width: 50%;
  }
}
/* On screens that are 
  600px wide or less, make 
  the columns stack on top of each other instead of next to each other */
  @media screen and (max-width: 600px) {
  .column {
    width: 
  100%;
  }
}

Experimente você mesmo →

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<style>
* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

/* Create four equal columns that floats next to each other */
.column {
  float: left;
  width: 25%;
  padding: 20px;
}

/* Clear floats after the columns */
.row:after {
  content: "";
  display: table;
  clear: both;
}

/* On screens that are 992px wide or less, go from four columns to two columns */
@media screen and (max-width: 992px) {
  .column {
    width: 50%;
  }
}

/* On screens that are 600px wide or less, make the columns stack on top of each other instead of next to each other */
@media screen and (max-width: 600px) {
  .column {
    width: 100%;
  }
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h2>Responsive Four Column Layout</h2>
<p><strong>Resize the browser window to see the responsive effect.</strong> On screens that are 992px wide or less, the columns will resize from four columns to two columns. On screens that are 600px wide or less, the columns will stack on top of each other instead of next to eachother.</p>

<div class="row">
  <div class="column" style="background-color:#aaa;">
    <h2>Column 1</h2>
    <p>Some text..</p>
  </div>
  
  <div class="column" style="background-color:#bbb;">
    <h2>Column 2</h2>
    <p>Some text..</p>
  </div>
  
  <div class="column" style="background-color:#ccc;">
    <h2>Column 3</h2>
    <p>Some text..</p>
  </div>
  
  <div class="column" style="background-color:#ddd;">
    <h2>Column 4</h2>
    <p>Some text..</p>
  </div>
</div>

</body>
</html>

Dica: Uma forma mais moderna de criar layouts de colunas é usar CSS Flexbox (veja exemplo abaixo). No entanto, não é compatível com o Internet Explorer 10 e versões anteriores. Se você precisar de suporte ao IE6-10, use floats (como mostrado acima).

Para saber mais sobre o módulo de layout de caixa flexível, leia nosso capítulo CSS Flexbox.

Para saber mais sobre Web Design Responsivo, leia nosso Tutorial de Web Design Responsivo.

Exemplo

 /* Container for flexboxes */
.row {
  display: flex;
  
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}
/* Create four equal columns */
.column {
  flex: 25%;
  
  padding: 20px;
}
/* On screens that are 992px wide or less, go from 
  four columns to two columns */
@media screen and (max-width: 992px) {
  
  .column {
    flex: 50%;
  }
}
/* On screens that are 600px wide or less, make 
  the columns stack on top of each other instead of next to each other */
  @media screen and (max-width: 600px) {
  .row {
    
  flex-direction: column;
  }
}

Experimente você mesmo →

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<style>
* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

/* Container for flexboxes */
.row {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

/* Create four equal columns */
.column {
  flex: 25%;
  padding: 20px;
}

/* On screens that are 992px wide or less, go from four columns to two columns */
@media screen and (max-width: 992px) {
  .column {
    flex: 50%;
  }
}

/* On screens that are 600px wide or less, make the columns stack on top of each other instead of next to each other */
@media screen and (max-width: 600px) {
  .row {
    flex-direction: column;
  }
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h2>Responsive Four Column Layout with Flex</h2>
<p><strong>Resize the browser window to see the responsive effect.</strong> On screens that are 992px wide or less, the columns will resize from four columns to two columns. On screens that are 600px wide or less, the columns will stack on top of each other instead of next to eachother.</p>

<div class="row">
  <div class="column" style="background-color:#aaa;">
    <h2>Column 1</h2>
    <p>Some text..</p>
  </div>
  
  <div class="column" style="background-color:#bbb;">
    <h2>Column 2</h2>
    <p>Some text..</p>
  </div>
  
  <div class="column" style="background-color:#ccc;">
    <h2>Column 3</h2>
    <p>Some text..</p>
  </div>
  
  <div class="column" style="background-color:#ddd;">
    <h2>Column 4</h2>
    <p>Some text..</p>
  </div>
</div>

</body>
</html>

Ocultar elementos com consultas de mídia

Outro uso comum de media queries é ocultar elementos em diferentes tamanhos de tela:

I will be hidden on small screens.

Exemplo

 /* If the screen size is 600px wide or less, hide the element */
@media 
  screen and (max-width: 600px) {
  div.example {
    
  display: none;
  }
}

Experimente você mesmo →

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<style>
div.example {
  background-color: yellow;
  padding: 20px;
}

@media screen and (max-width: 600px) {
  div.example {
    display: none;
  }
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h2>Hide elements on different screen sizes</h2>

<div class="example">Example DIV.</div>

<p>When the browser's width is 600px wide or less, hide the div element. Resize the browser window to see the effect.</p>

</body>
</html>

Alterar o tamanho da fonte com consultas de mídia

Você também pode usar consultas de mídia para alterar o tamanho da fonte de um elemento em diferentes tamanhos de tela:

Variable Font Size.

Exemplo

 /* If screen size is more than 600px wide, set the font-size of <div> to 80px */
@media screen and (min-width: 
  600px) {
  div.example {
    
  font-size: 80px;
  }
}
/* If screen size is 600px wide, or less, 
  set the font-size of <div> to 30px */
@media screen and (max-width: 600px) {
  div.example {
    
  font-size: 30px;
  }
}

Experimente você mesmo →

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<style>
div.example {
  background-color: lightgrey;
  padding: 20px;
}

@media screen and (min-width: 600px) {
  div.example {
    font-size: 80px;
  }
}

@media screen and (max-width: 600px) {
  div.example {
    font-size: 30px;
  }
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h2>Change the font size of an element on different screen sizes</h2>

<div class="example">Example DIV.</div>

<p>When the browser's width is 600px wide or less, set the font-size of DIV to 30px. When it is 601px or wider, set the font-size to 80px. Resize the browser window to see the effect.</p>

</body>
</html>

Galeria de imagens flexível

Neste exemplo, usamos media queries junto com flexbox para criar uma galeria de imagens responsiva:

Exemplo

Experimente você mesmo →

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<style>
* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

body {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: Arial;
}

.header {
  text-align: center;
  padding: 32px;
}

.row {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  padding: 0 4px;
}

/* Create four equal columns that sits next to each other */
.column {
  flex: 25%;
  max-width: 25%;
  padding: 0 4px;
}

.column img {
  margin-top: 8px;
  vertical-align: middle;
}

/* Responsive layout - makes a two column-layout instead of four columns */
@media screen and (max-width: 800px) {
  .column {
    flex: 50%;
    max-width: 50%;
  }
}

/* Responsive layout - makes the two columns stack on top of each other instead of next to each other */
@media screen and (max-width: 600px) {
  .column {
    flex: 100%;
    max-width: 100%;
  }
}
</style>
<body>

<!-- Header -->
<div class="header">
  <h1>Responsive Image Grid</h1>
  <p>Resize the browser window to see the responsive effect.</p>
</div>

<!-- Photo Grid -->
<div class="row"> 
  <div class="column">
    <img src="/w3images/wedding.jpg" style="width:100%">
    <img src="/w3images/rocks.jpg" style="width:100%">
    <img src="/w3images/falls2.jpg" style="width:100%">
    <img src="/w3images/paris.jpg" style="width:100%">
    <img src="/w3images/nature.jpg" style="width:100%">
    <img src="/w3images/mist.jpg" style="width:100%">
    <img src="/w3images/paris.jpg" style="width:100%">
  </div>
  
  <div class="column">
    <img src="/w3images/underwater.jpg" style="width:100%">
    <img src="/w3images/ocean.jpg" style="width:100%">
    <img src="/w3images/wedding.jpg" style="width:100%">
    <img src="/w3images/mountainskies.jpg" style="width:100%">
    <img src="/w3images/rocks.jpg" style="width:100%">
    <img src="/w3images/underwater.jpg" style="width:100%">
  </div> 
   
  <div class="column">
    <img src="/w3images/wedding.jpg" style="width:100%">
    <img src="/w3images/rocks.jpg" style="width:100%">
    <img src="/w3images/falls2.jpg" style="width:100%">
    <img src="/w3images/paris.jpg" style="width:100%">
    <img src="/w3images/nature.jpg" style="width:100%">
    <img src="/w3images/mist.jpg" style="width:100%">
    <img src="/w3images/paris.jpg" style="width:100%">
  </div>
  
  <div class="column">
    <img src="/w3images/underwater.jpg" style="width:100%">
    <img src="/w3images/ocean.jpg" style="width:100%">
    <img src="/w3images/wedding.jpg" style="width:100%">
    <img src="/w3images/mountainskies.jpg" style="width:100%">
    <img src="/w3images/rocks.jpg" style="width:100%">
    <img src="/w3images/underwater.jpg" style="width:100%">
  </div>
</div>

</body>
</html>

Site flexível

Neste exemplo, usamos media queries junto com flexbox para criar um site responsivo, contendo uma barra de navegação flexível e conteúdo flexível.

Exemplo

Experimente você mesmo →

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Page Title</title>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<style>
* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

/* Style the body */
body {
  font-family: Arial;
  margin: 0;
}

/* Header/logo Title */
.header {
  padding: 60px;
  text-align: center;
  background: #1abc9c;
  color: white;
}

/* Style the top navigation bar */
.navbar {
  display: flex;
  background-color: #333;
}

/* Style the navigation bar links */
.navbar a {
  color: white;
  padding: 14px 20px;
  text-decoration: none;
  text-align: center;
}

/* Change color on hover */
.navbar a:hover {
  background-color: #ddd;
  color: black;
}

/* Column container */
.row {  
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

/* Create two unequal columns that sits next to each other */
/* Sidebar/left column */
.side {
  flex: 30%;
  background-color: #f1f1f1;
  padding: 20px;
}

/* Main column */
.main {
  flex: 70%;
  background-color: white;
  padding: 20px;
}

/* Fake image, just for this example */
.fakeimg {
  background-color: #aaa;
  width: 100%;
  padding: 20px;
}

/* Footer */
.footer {
  padding: 20px;
  text-align: center;
  background: #ddd;
}

/* Responsive layout - when the screen is less than 700px wide, make the two columns stack on top of each other instead of next to each other */
@media screen and (max-width: 700px) {
  .row, .navbar {   
    flex-direction: column;
  }
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<!-- Note -->
<div style="background:yellow;padding:5px">
  <h4 style="text-align:center">Resize the browser window to see the responsive effect.</h4>
</div>

<!-- Header -->
<div class="header">
  <h1>My Website</h1>
  <p>With a <b>flexible</b> layout.</p>
</div>

<!-- Navigation Bar -->
<div class="navbar">
  <a href="#">Link</a>
  <a href="#">Link</a>
  <a href="#">Link</a>
  <a href="#">Link</a>
</div>

<!-- The flexible grid (content) -->
<div class="row">
  <div class="side">
    <h2>About Me</h2>
    <h5>Photo of me:</h5>
    <div class="fakeimg" style="height:200px;">Image</div>
    <p>Some text about me in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim..</p>
    <h3>More Text</h3>
    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit ame.</p>
    <div class="fakeimg" style="height:60px;">Image</div><br>
    <div class="fakeimg" style="height:60px;">Image</div><br>
    <div class="fakeimg" style="height:60px;">Image</div>
  </div>
  <div class="main">
    <h2>TITLE HEADING</h2>
    <h5>Title description, Dec 7, 2017</h5>
    <div class="fakeimg" style="height:200px;">Image</div>
    <p>Some text..</p>
    <p>Sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco.</p>
    <br>
    <h2>TITLE HEADING</h2>
    <h5>Title description, Sep 2, 2017</h5>
    <div class="fakeimg" style="height:200px;">Image</div>
    <p>Some text..</p>
    <p>Sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco.</p>
  </div>
</div>

<!-- Footer -->
<div class="footer">
  <h2>Footer</h2>
</div>

</body>
</html>

Orientação: Retrato/Paisagem

Consultas de mídia também podem ser usadas para alterar o layout de uma página dependendo do orientação do navegador.

Você pode ter um conjunto de propriedades CSS que apenas aplica-se quando a janela do navegador é mais larga que sua altura, o chamado "Paisagem" orientação:

Exemplo

Use uma cor de fundo azul claro se a orientação estiver no modo paisagem:

@media only screen and (orientation: 
landscape) {
  body {
    background-color: lightblue;
  }
}

Experimente você mesmo →

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<style>
body {
  background-color: lightgreen;
}

@media only screen and (orientation: landscape) {
  body {
    background-color: lightblue;
  }
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<p>Resize the browser window. When the width of this document is larger than the height, the background color is "lightblue", otherwise it is "lightgreen".</p>

</body>
</html>

Largura mínima a largura máxima

Você também pode usar (max-width: ..) e (min-width: ..) valores para definir uma largura mínima e uma largura máxima.

Por exemplo, quando a largura do navegador estiver entre 600 e 900px, altere o aparência de um elemento <div>:

Exemplo

@media screen and (max-width: 900px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  div.example {
    
  font-size: 50px;
    padding: 50px;
    
  border: 8px solid black;
    background: yellow;
  }
}

Experimente você mesmo →

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<style>
@media screen and (max-width: 900px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  div.example {
    font-size: 50px;
    padding: 50px;
    border: 8px solid black;
    background: yellow;
  }
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h2>Change the appearance of DIV on different screen sizes</h2>

<div class="example">Example DIV.</div>

<p>When the browser's width is between 600 and 900px, change the appearance of DIV. 
<strong>Resize the browser window to see the effect</strong>.</p>

</body>
</html>

Usando um valor adicional: No exemplo abaixo, adicionamos uma consulta de mídia adicional ao nosso já existente usando uma vírgula (isso se comportará como um operador OR):

Exemplo

 /* When the width is between 600px and 900px OR above 1100px 
  - change the appearance of <div> */
@media screen and (max-width: 900px) and (min-width: 
  600px), (min-width: 
1100px) {
  div.example {
    
  font-size: 50px;
    padding: 50px;
    
  border: 8px solid black;
    background: yellow;
  }
}

Experimente você mesmo →

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<style>
@media screen and (max-width: 900px) and (min-width: 600px), (min-width: 1100px) {
  div.example{
    font-size: 50px;
    padding: 50px;
    border: 8px solid black;
    background: yellow;
  }
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h2>Change the appearance of DIV on different screen sizes</h2>

<div class="example">Example DIV.</div>

<p>When the browser's width is between 600 and 900px OR above 1100px, change the appearance of DIV. 
<strong>Resize the browser window to see the effect</strong>.</p>

</body>
</html>

Referência CSS @media

Para uma visão geral completa de todos os tipos de mídia e recursos/expressões, consulte o Regra @media em nossa referência CSS.

Dica: para saber mais sobre web design responsivo (como direcionar diferentes dispositivos e telas), usando pontos de interrupção de consulta de mídia, leia nosso Tutorial de web design responsivo.