ECMAScript 5 (ES5 2009) introduziu Getter e Setters.
Getters e setters permitem definir acessadores de objetos (computados Propriedades).
Este exemplo usa uma propriedade lang
para get
o valor da propriedade idioma
.
// Create an object:
const person = {
firstName: "John",
lastName: "Doe",
language: "en",
get lang() {
return this.language;
}
};
// Display data from the object using a getter:
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = person.lang;
Experimente você mesmo →
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h2>JavaScript Getters and Setters</h2>
<p>Getters and setters allow you to get and set object properties via methods.</p>
<p>This example uses a lang property to get the value of the language property:</p>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
// Create an object:
const person = {
firstName: "John",
lastName: "Doe",
language: "en",
get lang() {
return this.language;
}
};
// Display data from the object using a getter:
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = person.lang;
</script>
</body>
</html>
Este exemplo usa uma propriedade lang
para definir
o valor da propriedade idioma
.
const person = {
firstName: "John",
lastName: "Doe",
language: "",
set lang(lang) {
this.language = lang;
}
};
// Set an object
property using a setter:
person.lang = "en";
// Display data from the object:
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = person.language;
Experimente você mesmo →
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h2>JavaScript Getters and Setters</h2>
<p>Getters and setters allow you to get and set properties via methods.</p>
<p>This example uses a lang property to set the value of the language property.</p>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
// Create an object:
const person = {
firstName: "John",
lastName: "Doe",
language: "NO",
set lang(value) {
this.language = value;
}
};
// Set a property using set:
person.lang = "en";
// Display data from the object:
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = person.language;
</script>
</body>
</html>
Quais são as diferenças entre esses dois exemplos?
const person = {
firstName: "John",
lastName: "Doe",
fullName: function() {
return this.firstName + " " +
this.lastName;
}
};
// Display data from the object using a method:
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = person.fullName();
Experimente você mesmo →
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h2>JavaScript Object Methods</h2>
<p>Object data can be accessed using property stored as a function.</p>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
// Create an object:
const person = {
firstName: "John",
lastName: "Doe",
fullName: function() {
return this.firstName + " " + this.lastName;
}
};
// Display data from the object using a method:
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = person.fullName();
</script>
</body>
</html>
const person = {
firstName: "John",
lastName: "Doe",
get fullName() {
return this.firstName + " " +
this.lastName;
}
};
// Display data from the object using a getter:
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = person.fullName;
Experimente você mesmo →
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h2>JavaScript Object Methods</h2>
<p>Object data can be accessed using a getter.</p>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
// Create an object:
const person = {
firstName: "John",
lastName: "Doe",
get fullName() {
return this.firstName + " " + this.lastName;
}
};
// Display data from the object using a getter:
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = person.fullName;
</script>
</body>
</html>
Exemplo 1 acesse fullName como uma função: person.fullName().
Exemplo 2 acesse fullName como propriedade: person.fullName.
O segundo exemplo fornece uma sintaxe mais simples.
JavaScript pode garantir melhor qualidade de dados ao usar getters e setters.
Usando a propriedade lang
, neste exemplo, retorna o valor da propriedade idioma
em maiúsculas:
// Create an object:
const person = {
firstName: "John",
lastName: "Doe",
language: "en",
get lang() {
return this.language.toUpperCase();
}
};
// Display data from the object using a getter:
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = person.lang;
Experimente você mesmo →
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h2>JavaScript Getters and Setters</h2>
<p>Getters and setters allow you to get and set properties via methods.</p>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
// Create an object:
const person = {
firstName: "John",
lastName: "Doe",
language: "en",
get lang() {
return this.language.toUpperCase();
}
};
// Display data from the object using a getter:
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = person.lang;
</script>
</body>
</html>
Usando a propriedade lang
, neste exemplo, armazena uma letra maiúscula valor na propriedade idioma
:
const person = {
firstName: "John",
lastName: "Doe",
language: "",
set lang(lang) {
this.language = lang.toUpperCase();
}
};
// Set an object
property using a setter:
person.lang = "en";
// Display data from the object:
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = person.language;
Experimente você mesmo →
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h2>JavaScript Getters and Setters</h2>
<p>Getters and setters allow you to get and set properties via methods.</p>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
// Create an object:
const person = {
firstName: "John",
lastName: "Doe",
language: "",
set lang(lang) {
this.language = lang.toUpperCase();
}
};
// Set a property using set:
person.lang = "en";
// Display data from the object:
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = person.language;
</script>
</body>
</html>
Fornece uma sintaxe mais simples
Permite sintaxe igual para propriedades e métodos
Pode garantir melhor qualidade de dados
É útil para fazer coisas nos bastidores
O método Object.defineProperty()
também pode ser usado para adicionar Getters e Configuradores:
// Define object
const obj = {counter : 0};
// Define setters and getters
Object.defineProperty(obj, "reset", {
get : function () {this.counter = 0;}
});
Object.defineProperty(obj, "increment", {
get : function () {this.counter++;}
});
Object.defineProperty(obj, "decrement", {
get : function () {this.counter--;}
});
Object.defineProperty(obj, "add", {
set : function (value) {this.counter += value;}
});
Object.defineProperty(obj, "subtract", {
set : function (value) {this.counter -= value;}
});
// Play with the counter:
obj.reset;
obj.add = 5;
obj.subtract = 1;
obj.increment;
obj.decrement;
Experimente você mesmo →
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h2>JavaScript Getters and Setters</h2>
<p>Perfect for creating counters:</p>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
// Define an object
const obj = {counter : 0};
// Define Setters and Getters
Object.defineProperty(obj, "reset", {
get : function () {this.counter = 0;}
});
Object.defineProperty(obj, "increment", {
get : function () {this.counter++;}
});
Object.defineProperty(obj, "decrement", {
get : function () {this.counter--;}
});
Object.defineProperty(obj, "add", {
set : function (value) {this.counter += value;}
});
Object.defineProperty(obj, "subtract", {
set : function (value) {this.counter -= value;}
});
// Play with counter:
obj.reset;
obj.add = 5;
obj.subtract = 1;
obj.increment;
obj.decrement;
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = obj.counter;
</script>
</body>
</html>